A victory of King Phyrrus |
It is remarkable, dear reader, how electoral results can be
differently perceived by different cultures. Allow me to explain.
Last Sunday 24 May, municipal and provincial elections were held in
Spain. The results were not surprising (since they had been pretty adequately
predicted) but still represented a thorough shake-up of dusty things.
On a national scale, the governing PP, conservative, pocketed some 27
% of the vote. This was down about 10 % from earlier elections, both general
and local, in 2011. The opposition PSOE, socialist, reached some 25 %, about 5
% less than in 2011. Two new upstart parties, scions of the economic crisis and
popular indignation over widespread corruption, did not do too badly. The centre-left-yet-often-right-of-centre
(yeah, square me that circle!)
Cuidadanos party got almost 7 % of the vote nationwide, and the flamboyant,
radical left Podemos, in so far as it may be calculated (for
politico-philosophical reasons, they did not participate in every town and
province), seems to attract anywhere between 10 and 20 %.
How would you read these results (assuming you are not yourself
Spanish)? Well: in any northern democracy based on Proportional Representation,
this would count as a resounding victory for the PP. Not only the party won the
most votes nationwide, but it also ended up as the biggest party in most towns,
cities and provinces. Yes, of course they lost a big chunk of the vote compared
with previous elections; but their performance is not short of a miracle,
considering that the party has been in office for four hard years; that its mayor
accomplishment consists in not making the economic situation any worse; that,
in order to do so, its government took from the poor to give to the rich; and finally
that it is riddled with so many cases of astounding, shameless, mind-boggling
corruption from the very highest levels to the lowest, that it might be said to
be corrupt up to its bone-marrow.
But how are these results read by Spaniards themselves, on
television, in the papers, and in the social media? Well, rather differently,
to put it mildly. There is deep depression and near panic in the PP, and jubilant
euphoria in all their adversaries, because the reigning party has suffered such
a considerable setback. The crux seems to be, that losing Power Absolute, which
the PP enjoyed in countless places and still enjoys in the national parliament,
and which, apparently, is seen as the only manner of governing efficiently, equals
total defeat, a thing of horrible shame, a catastrophe of epic proportions.
Meanwhile, the two new upstart parties tire not of pointing out that
Change has now begun and that the old tradition bi-party system of the last 40
years, which divided and alternated power equally between PP and PSOE, has come
to a final end. A fresh new rosy-fingered dawn is here to stay and usher in the
Millennium…
On the bottom right: sour grapes |
Where they get it from frankly beats me. For the above results - in
the humble view of Alfred B Mittington - spell neither catastrophe for the PP
nor the Glorious Dawning of The Age of Aquarius for our fresh new players in
the Spanish political arena.
For starters: it remains to be seen if the unstoppable forward march
of the new ‘third way parties’ indeed holds out, or if, in due time, things
swing back, the ‘waters return to their riverbed’ as the Spaniards say, and ‘bi-partyism’
re-establishes itself once again. Podemos, for one, typically peaked last
December, and Ciudadanos may have done well for a first time contender, but 7 %
of the vote is not exactly a landslide…
More importantly still is the fact that Ciudadanos and Podemos did
not arrogate to themselves the main part of their vote from the two traditional
behemoths, but got their gains mainly from earlier ‘third way’ small groupings.
Ciudadanos simply obliterated a party called UPyD, with whom it even tried to
merge a few months ago; while Podemos absorbed an immense share of the vote
from the old, senior far-left party Izquierda Unida. So much for Crucial Change.
Lastly, there is the little hurdle of Spanish electoral law which –
much as I find it impossible to truly fathom – has all the qualities and
pitfalls of Britain’s First Past The Post system, heavily favouring the bigger
parties and local chauvinistic ones. If in the General Elections of next
autumn, the results are numerically comparable to the ones of last Sunday, both
new parties will attract a nice share of the vote, but will see their gains reduced
to smithereens when it comes to seats in Parliament. This was always the fate
of Izquierda Unida, which invariably got loads of votes nationwide, which then
translated into a mere handful of seats; while localist and separatist parties,
concentrated in a single linguistic and cultural area, got many more seats for
far fewer votes (1). Just as in Britain (remember Ukip, the Greens and the SNP),
the weight of your vote depends on where
you cast it; almost as if different kinds of gravity were at work in different
spots of the electoral landscape.
What next? Well, everything is really on hold until the next General
Elections this autumn. Due to the splintered results, in all sorts of town
halls and most provinces, coalition governments must somehow be welded
together. This is no easy thing in Spain, where parties thoroughly dislike and
despise one another and ruling by unassailable absolute majority is the
greatest political pleasure. In some spots, where various national and local
opposition parties have raked in sufficient seats, both traditional big parties
may perhaps be kept out of local government. But in many others where either PP
or PSOE made a strong enough showing, life is going to be a bitch. For neither
Ciudadanos nor Podemos – whose very essence and trademark is the battle again
the bi-party system – can for the moment afford to be seen as just another
spineless coalition partner helping to power one of the big parties whom they
always said they abhorred.
Naturally, Ciudadanos has it easier here than Podemos. The
I’m-as-right-wing-as-I’m-left-wing formation can conceivably strike some deals with
the PP and some with the PSOE, say something lofty about Governability and putting the Country First, and maintain their
immaculate political virginity since they sleep with both opponents. Podemos,
however, does not have that option. It can and will never strike a deal with
the arch-enemy PP, and so has to reveal itself as the handmaid to the Social
Democrats or, alternatively, open itself up to criticism of only wanting total
power and not helping out to give citizens good governance. In short: whatever
they do, they are doomed.
It will be a true mess over the next six months; but will there be
true change? I doubt it. And so good old Alfred B Mittington, who has seen it
all over a long long lifetime, predicts that there will be no earthquake at all
next November. There will only be a minor landslide of mud.
(1) Essentially this system was designed
back in the late 1970s to ensure the support of the Basque and Catalan
nationalistic forces for the post-Dictatorship Constitution. As such it made
sense at the time. The consequences are, however, somewhat wry. In the 2008
general elections, for instance, Izquierda Unida, with 1,000,000 votes,
received 2 seats in the Cortes. The
bourgeois-nationalistic Catalan CiU, with 775,000, got 11 seats. The left
radical Catalan ERC scored 3 seats on the basis of 300,000 votes. And - top of
the pops! – the bourgeois-nationalistic Basque PNV got 6 seats for a mere
303,000 votes, which means three times more MPs for a third of the votes raked
in by IU… A factor of 9!